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喺美國學校報名:國際家庭指南

作為國際家庭navigate美國學校系統意味住要understand三種學校類型、prove residency、同meet各州唔同嘅requirements——以下係你需要知嘅嘢。

當我哋由新加坡搬去Bay Area嘅時候,其中一件令我瞓唔著嘅事就係Sophie嘅schooling。佢之前喺一個我understand嘅system——我知佢點運作、expect咩、咩先算「好」。美國教育系統?我完全冇clue。

我要承認,成個process一開始feel unnecessarily complicated。每個state有唔同rules,每個school district有自己嘅enrollment process,冇人俾你一份document話「呢個就係點運作」。所以我要自己piece together,而家share出嚟希望save其他expat parent啲stress。

了解美國教育系統

第一件要知嘅嘢係美國教育系統係decentralized——每個state set自己嘅laws同regulations。所以apply喺California嘅嘢可能唔apply喺Texas或New York。喺呢個framework入面,有三種main types嘅schools:

Public schools係免費嘅,open to所有住喺district boundaries入面嘅students。大部分小朋友都去呢度,Sophie最後都係去呢度。

Private schools收tuition同通常有admissions process。Tuition可以由幾千到幾萬美金一年。

Charter schools係publicly funded但independently operated——由teachers、parents或community groups建立。通常免費但可能有additional requirements。

有三個levels:elementary (K-5)、middle (6-8)同high school (9-12)。Curriculum standards因州而異,呢點令我幾surprise,因為我嚟自一個national curriculum就係national curriculum嘅地方。

Enrollment process(我哋實際經歷嘅)

以下係我哋嘅process,step by step:

  1. 搵出你嘅school zone。 如果你行public school route,你嘅home address決定小朋友返邊間學校。呢個好critical——我強烈建議喺finalize rental或home purchase之前check available schools。Google search你嘅school district通常會有zone map。如果係California,呢頁由California Department of Education有instructions。

  2. Online register。 大部分school districts有websites可以start enrollment process。我哋entirely online做晒,比我expected更容易。

  3. Prove你嘅residency。 你需要show你住喺school district入面。Utility bill(電話、電、水)、lease agreement、bank statement或driver's license通常work。呢part對我哋有少少stressful因為我哋仲settling——要scramble攞一張有我哋地址嘅utility bill。

  4. Meet age requirements。 小朋友一般需要喺9月1日之前至少5歲先可以start kindergarten(因州而異)。你可能需要provide birth certificate(或notarized translation)、passport或previous school records。

  5. Immunization同health records。 小朋友需要up to date required immunizations。因為你嘅family係由overseas搬嚟,我recommend到埗後儘快睇pediatrician。俾佢哋睇你小朋友由home country帶嚟嘅immunization record——佢哋會話你需唔需要打additional vaccines。我哋要幫Sophie打多幾針,唔係big deal但提早知道好啲。

  6. Check enrollment timelines。 因district而異但通常係spring或summer for the following school year。但——呢個令我安心——public schools係legally required accept你嘅小朋友如果你住喺district入面。我哋mid-year到埗,學校assess咗Sophie然後place咗佢喺appropriate grade,冇任何drama。

  7. Research同wise咁揀。 如果你喺California,California School Dashboard係excellent resource。你可以睇graduation rates、math同English scores、ethnicity mix同其他data for each school。我寫過一篇blog post關於點用dashboard如果你想要walkthrough。

School life實際係點樣

School day通常由大約8:00或9:00 a.m.到2:30或3:00 p.m.。科目包括math、science、English同social studies,加上electives好似music同art,同extracurricular activities好似sports同clubs。

我notice到比起亞洲education systems最大嘅difference係emphasis on individualismself-expression。Teachers actively encourage students participate class discussions同share opinions。Students被graded on class participation,唔係只有exams。Homework有但balance feel比我記得自己喺越南讀書時reasonable啲。

我一開始有少少nervous呢個approach——嚟自亞洲教育文化emphasis discipline同test performance。但睇住Sophie gain confidence express自己、develop critical thinking skills、同genuinely enjoy返學⋯我覺得呢個system有real value。(長遠outcomes我可能wrong,但so far我impressed。)

如果英文唔係你小朋友嘅first language,唔好panic。好多學校offer ESL (English as a Second Language) programs,由我嘅experience,小朋友adapt新語言remarkably快。Sophie幾個禮拜就pick up American English idioms——有時仲correct,既adorable又slightly annoying :P

教育費用

Public schools係免費。Charter schools通常免費。Private schools可以好expensive——由幾千到幾萬美金一年,有financial aid同scholarships available。

Beyond tuition,有incidental costs:school supplies、transportation(有啲districts提供buses,有啲唔提供)同occasional field trip fee。呢啲manageable但值得budget for。

國際家庭嘅resources

好多學校offer international student services,包括orientation programs、language support同cultural adjustment programs。我哋學校有個welcoming coordinator喺第一日walk us through所有嘢,我好appreciate。

Community centers經常run cultural orientation programs。同其他international parents喺學校connect好invaluable——佢哋exactly understand我哋going through咩同有practical tips冇website可以provide。

幫Sophie報學校係我哋搬遷最stressful嘅parts之一,但回望,佢比我feared work out得好。Key係早啲start research、問好多questions(學校offices我打電話去都好helpful)、同trust你小朋友probably會比你想像中adjust得快。

你幫小朋友報美國學校嘅experience係點?有冇tips或surprises想share?

祝好,

Chandler

P.S. 我最近喺Facebook開咗一個group叫做 Asian Expats in the US,歡迎加入。

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